Recent research suggests that semaglutide, a medication primarily used for type 2 diabetes and weight management, may also help reduce alcohol consumption. The study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) who were prescribed GLP-1 drugs, popularly known by their brand names Ozempic and Wegovy, had a significantly lower risk of hospitalization for alcohol-related issues.
Background on Semaglutide and Liraglutide
Semaglutide and liraglutide are medications belonging to the class of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. They are designed to mimic the GLP-1 hormone, which plays a role in regulating blood sugar levels and appetite.
Semaglutide: Marketed under brand names like Ozempic and Wegovy, semaglutide is used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes and aids in weight management. It works by enhancing insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, and slowing gastric emptying, which helps reduce appetite and food intake.
Liraglutide: Sold under brand names such as Victoza and Saxenda, liraglutide is also used to treat type 2 diabetes and assist with weight loss. It functions similarly to semaglutide by stimulating insulin release and decreasing appetite.
Key Findings from the Study
Researchers analyzed medical records from approximately 228,000 patients with alcohol use disorder, obesity, or type 2 diabetes. The study found that the people using the GLP-1 receptor medications were less likely to be hospitalized for problems linked to alcohol use disorder, such as intoxication and withdrawal symptoms like delirium than the patients who weren't using the medications. Semaglutide use was associated with a 36% lower risk, and liraglutide with a 28% lower risk.
These results suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists may influence the brain's reward system, potentially reducing cravings for alcohol. While these findings are promising, further research and randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy in treating addiction.
“We’ve known for some time from animal studies that GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce alcohol intake and motivation to consume alcohol,” shared Christian Hendershot, director of clinical research at the University of Southern California Institute for Addiction Science, in an article.
The potential of semaglutide and similar medications to aid in reducing alcohol consumption opens new avenues for treating alcohol use disorder. As with any medication, it's essential for individuals to consult healthcare professionals to determine the best treatment approach for their specific needs.
Reference:
Lähteenvuo M, Tiihonen J, Solismaa A, Tanskanen A, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Taipale H. Repurposing Semaglutide and Liraglutide for Alcohol Use Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 2025;82(1):94–98. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3599